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ISSN: 2333-9721

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Poisonous Plants of the Karakalpak Part of the Ustyurt Plateau (Uzbekistan) [PDF]
Aymuratov Rapat, Abduraimov Ozodbek, Shomurodov Habibullo, Abduraimov Azizbek, Adilov Bekzod
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2024.152006

Abstract: The article presents the composition and current state of poisonous plants distributed on the Ustyurt plateau. Ustyurt is one of the largest deserts in Central Asia, differing from other deserts of the world in geographical location, relief, flora and fauna and other features. The territory of Ustyurt occupies 21.3 million hectares, of which the Karakalpak part accounts for 7.2 million hectares. Poisonous alkaloid-bearing plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau Anabasis aphylla, Atriplex flabellum, Kalidium capsicum, Salsola arbusculaeformis, Salsola foliosa, Aellenia subaphylla, Anabasis brachiata, Rheum tataricum, Capparis spinosa, Glycyrrhiza aspera. Alkaloid-bearing plants that are not eaten or poorly eaten by cattle Ephedra distachya, Delphinium songaricum, Anabasis salsa, alkaloid-bearing plants eaten by animals without harm Carex physodes, Eremopyrum orientale, Agrophyllum repens, Astragalus amodendron, Astragalus villosissimus, species of the genera Calligonum, Salsola. Poisonous plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau. An analysis of the pasture flora of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau shows that 62 species of wild poisonous plants belonging to 49 genera and 19 families grow here. Although these plants are considered poisonous, but in modern pharmaceutics and medicine, they are used as medicinal.

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Role of digital chromoendoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy for gastric intestinal metaplasia and cancer surveillance
Rapat Pittayanon,Rungsun Rerknimitr
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy , 2012, DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v4.i10.472

Abstract: In Japan and countries such as South Korea and Taiwan, China, the standard technique for detecting early gastric cancer (EGC) is chromoendoscopy. This technique involves a magnified endoscope and the use of an indigo-carmine spray to distinguish between EGC and non-EGC areas. However, this technique is not widely adopted in many parts of the world. One important reason for limited use is that this technique needs an experienced endoscopist to interpret the images during the procedure. In addition, the sensitivity for detecting gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), a precancerous lesion of EGC, is graded as suboptimal. Moreover, the requirement of a cumbersome spraying method is inconvenient and needs preparation time. Easier digital chromoendoscopy techniques, such as Narrow-band Imaging and Flexible spectral Imaging Color Enhancement, have been reported to facilitate targeted GIM and EGC biopsy. They provide higher sensitivities over conventional white light endoscopy. Recently, the novel technology of confocal laser endomicroscopy has been introduced as a high-magnification (1000 ×) real-time evaluation for many early gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and precancerous GI lesions, including colonic polyp, Barrett’s esophagus, and GIM. The advantage of this technique is that it can be used as an in vivo confirmation of the presence of GIM and EGC during endoscopic surveillance. This review aims to explain the current information on the usefulness of digital chromoendoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy for evaluating GIM and EGC during endoscopic surveillance and the possible future role of these techniques for GI cancer screening programs.

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Some Notes on the Key Botanical Territories of Ustyurt (Uzbekistan) and the Influence of Oil and Gas Industries on Them [PDF]
Shomurodov Khabibullo, Adilov Bekhzod, Rakhimova Tashkhonim, Rakhimova Nodira, Aimuratov Rapat, Vokhidov Yusuf
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.811190

Abstract: The paper presents data on the modern state of some important botanical territories of the Ustyurt plateau. Materials on the effect of dust rising from the main highway of the oil and gas sector on the vegetation cover of the adjacent areas studied are considered. The results of the analysis showed that the vitality of dominants and rare species along the road and closer to it is low, the projective coverage does not exceed 8%. Starting from 100 to 200 m, the vitality of the dominants improves. With a distance of 500 m from the roads, the species composition increases, the projective coverage reaches 12%. The evaluation of the vitality of dominant and/or endemic species, the comparison of the projective cover and the species diversity of the pilot site with the control plot, and also the method of weighing the annual shoots of dominant and/or rare species with all vegetative and generative elements in a comparative aspect give reliable results in determining the degree Anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover of Ustyurt. Inclusion of dominants the restoration of vegetation by phytoremediation of the study area gives promising results.

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Abstract:

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The Learning Curve of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Interpretation on the Images Obtained by Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
Rapat Pittayanon,Rungsun Rerknimitr,Naruemon Wisedopas,Suparat Khemnark,Kessarin Thanapirom,Pornpahn Thienchanachaiya,Nuttaporn Norrasetwanich,Kriangsak Charoensuk,Wiriyaporn Ridtitid,Sombat Treeprasertsuk,Pradermchai Kongkam,Pinit Kullavanijaya
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/278045

Abstract: Background. Reading the results of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) by the expert was excellent. There is a lack of study on the learning curve for GIM interpretation. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the learning curve in the beginners. Material and Method. Five GI fellows who had no experience in GIM interpretation had been trained with a set of 10 pCLE video clips of GIM and non-GIM until they were able to interpret correctly. Then they were asked to interpret another 80 video clips of GIM and non-GIM. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV, and interobserver agreement on each session were analyzed. Results. Within 2 sessions, all beginners can achieve 80% accuracy with substantial to almost perfect level of interobserver agreement. The sensitivities and specificities among all interpreters were not different statistically. Four out of five interpreters can maintain their high quality of reading skill. Conclusion. After a short session of training on GIM interpretation of pCLE images, the beginners can achieve a high level of reading accuracy with at least substantial level of interobserver agreement. Once they achieve the high reading accuracy, almost all can maintain their high quality of reading skill. 1. Introduction Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide [1], and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is the precancerous lesion for intestinal type gastric cancer [2, 3]. The strategies which can detect precancerous and/or early cancerous transformation are very beneficial because only early gastric cancer can potentially be cured by endoscopic treatment. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscope or pCLE is one of the useful equipments for GIM detection. The endoscopic criteria for GIM reading by pCLE were (1) villous-like gastric epithelium and (2) dark (no fluorescein uptake) goblet cells in the gastric columnar epithelium [4]. Previously our group reported the results of GIM detection and interpretation by pCLE as 94% in sensitivity, 85% in specificity, and 89% in accuracy [4]. However, these excellent results in pCLE interpretation were established by the expert. The study on learning curve by the beginners for the new type of image reading including GIM interpretation by pCLE is important for community practice. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the learning curve pattern by the beginners. 2. Material and Method 2.1. Procedure and Data Collection This study was conducted at the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of medicine,

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